Higher Prices
Asset prices and the cost of living can move faster than purchasing power, making the benefits of growth feel very different on the ground.
Every major technological era creates an engine that makes the economy dramatically more productive. Money and policy move toward that engine. The interesting part starts after the productivity gain: who owns it?
A Super Massive Efficiency Gain Industry (SMEG) is an industry that creates an unusually large jump in efficiency and productivity for its time.
Agriculture did it. Railroads and electricity did it. Computers and the internet did it. AI may be doing it now.
Central banks and governments influence credit, spending, infrastructure, taxation and the availability of capital. When an industry becomes strategically important, these forces can help it scale.
Monetary and Fiscal Policies (MNFPs) are not the villain in this story. They are part of how an economy responds when something becomes important enough to drive growth.
Credit, government spending, subsidies, tax incentives, infrastructure and industrial support can all help a new productivity engine expand.
The SMEG creates the productivity opportunity. MNFPs can provide the financial and policy conditions that allow that opportunity to scale.
This is the important distinction. The argument isn't that the productivity increase is imaginary. The economy really can produce more, faster and at greater scale.
But a bigger economic pie does not tell us how the extra slices are divided. For that, we have to look at ownership.
The productive assets belong to someone: companies, equity, infrastructure, machines, intellectual property and financial assets.
If ownership is concentrated, the people who already own those assets are positioned to capture a disproportionate share of the new wealth created by rising productivity.
If you primarily live by selling your labour and don't own much of the productive capital, you experience the same productivity revolution from a different position.
Asset prices and the cost of living can move faster than purchasing power, making the benefits of growth feel very different on the ground.
Productivity can rise without wages rising at the same pace, especially when technology weakens labour's bargaining position in particular markets.
When machines and software can perform more tasks, demand for some kinds of human labour can fall. The work changes before everyone can change with it.
The engine changes with each technological era. The underlying tension between productivity, capital and ownership keeps coming back.
Control over productive land, irrigation and livestock increased the economy's ability to produce food and support population. Ownership of those productive assets mattered enormously.
A new productivity engine appears. Capital and policy move toward it. Productivity rises. The owners of the productive assets capture the upside. The wider population experiences the transition through prices, wages and work.
The technology changes. The policy response changes. The industries change. But when extraordinary productivity gains meet concentrated ownership, the distribution of those gains becomes the real story.